General Classification of Injuries

Abrasion: mechanical scraping away of superficial tissues to expose underlying tissues.
Blunt trauma: a concussive (quickly applied pressure) force transmitted to tissues.
Contusion: localized bruising of tissues.
Dislocation: when the parts of a bone making a joint are no longer touching.
Fracture: breaking of bone or cartilage. An open fracture has bone breaking through the skin, while a closed fracture does not.
Hemorrhage: loss of blood into the tissues or leaked out of the body.
Hypoxia: insufficient oxygen at the tissue level to maintain tissue survival.
Infection: growth of a microorganism that damages tissues.
Laceration: cutting or tearing of tissues.
Puncture: penetrating trauma producing a hole in the tissues.
Rupture: the breaking apart of tissues or organs.

There are 3 ways to injure the body: mechanical, thermal and chemical injury. In martial arts techniques, the main force is mechanical. Each of these injuries cause some degree of an inflammatory reaction. The classic hallmarks of inflammation are rubor (redness), dolor (pain), tumor (swelling) and calor (heat).